5. with + 独立分詞構文・分詞構文の慣用表現
5.1 with+独立分詞構文
5.1.1 連続用法のwith+独立分詞構文
5.1.2 付帯状況のwith+独立分詞構文
5.1.3 その他の付帯状況のwith
5.2 分詞の慣用句
5.2.1 be busy ~ing ~で忙しい
5.2.2 have difficulty[trouble] (in)~ing ~で苦労する
5.2.3 spend+O+(in)~ing Oを~で過ごす
5.2.4 such being the case こういう事情なので
5.2.5 ~ing as A do この通り実際に~だから
5.1 with+独立分詞構文
連続用法や付帯状況を表す独立分詞構文(4-2-5, 4-2-6)は、withを伴うことが多い。逆の言い方をすれば、連続用法や付帯状況を表すwith構文の多くは、withを取れば独立分詞構文になる。
5.1.1 連続用法のwith+独立分詞構文
He was walking, and his dog was following him. 彼は歩いていて、彼の犬は彼についてきていた。
↓ ↓ ↓
× his dog following him
⇒He was walking, ↑ his dog following him. (単なる独立分詞構文の連続用法)
withを独立分詞構文の前に入れる
⇒He was walking with his dog following him.
5.1.2 付帯状況のwith+独立分詞構文
She came in and her eyes were shining. 彼女は入ってきたが目は輝いていた。
↓ ↓ ↓
× her eyes shining
⇒ She came in, ↑ her eyes shining. (単なる独立分詞構文の連続用法)
with を独立分詞構文の前に入れる
⇒ She came in with her eyes shining. 彼女は目を輝かせながら入ってきた。
She was listening to the music, and her eyes were closed.
↓ ↓ ↓彼女は音楽を聞き、目は閉じていた。
× her eyes (being) closed
⇒ She was listening to the music, ↑ her eyes (being) closed. [書](単なる独立分詞構文の連続用法)
withを独立分詞構文の前に入れる
⇒ She was listening to the music with her eyes closed. 彼女は目を閉じて音楽を聴いていた。
5.1.3 その他の付帯状況のwith
You must not talk with your mouth full. [ with+名詞+形容詞]
口いっぱいにしてしゃべってはいけない。
He went to bed with his socks on. [ with+名詞+副詞] 彼は靴下を履いたまま寝た。
5.2 分詞の慣用句
5.2.1 be busy ~ing ~で忙しい
Mother is busy cooking. 母は料理で忙しい。
5.2.2 have difficulty[trouble] (in)~ing ~で苦労する
I had some difficulty solving the problem. その問題を解くのにいくらか苦労した。
5.2.3 spend+O+(in)~ing Oを~で過ごす
She spent the whole afternoon watching TV. 彼女は午後ずっとテレビを見て過ごした。
5.2.4 such being the case こういう事情なので
Such being the case, he could not pay the bill.
= As such was the case, ~. こういう事情なので、彼は勘定の支払いが出来なかった。
5.2.5 ~ing as A do この通り実際に~だから
Living as he did, in the remote countryside, he seldom came up to the town.
この通り遠い田舎に住んでいたので、彼はめったに町に出てこなかった。