4. 前置詞＋関係代名詞
4.1 前置詞＋目的格
4.1.1 制限用法の場合
4.1.2 非制限用法 [書]がメインだが、強調するときは口語でも使う
4.2 前置詞＋所有格
4.2.1 非制限用法の場合 [堅・書]
4.3 前置詞＋関係代名詞の注意点 [書]
4.4 部分または一部を表すof の場合[＝分離の of]： 非制限用法
the＋最上級＋of＋関係代名詞 【堅・書】
4. 関係詞Ⅳ（前置詞＋関係代名詞）
前置詞＋関係代名詞 【堅】
目的語の関係詞が前置詞の目的語になる場合は、前置詞＋関係代名詞＋S＋V…と、
関係詞＋S＋V…＋前置詞（くだけた言い方）の２種類がある。
4.1 前置詞＋目的格
4.1.1 制限用法の場合
This is the house. + He was born in the house.
which in which
This is the house.
║
He was born in the house.
↓
in which he was born
⇓
This is the house in which he was born. [堅]
= This is the house which he was born in. [書]
= This is the house he was born in. 目的格の関係代名詞は省略できる [ナチュラル]
= This is the house where he was born.
これは彼が生まれた家だ。
The woman was his secretary. + He was talking to her.
whom to whom
The woman was his secretary.
║
He was talking to her
↓
to whom he was talking
⇓
The woman to whom he was talking was his secretary.
= The woman whom he was talking to was his secretary. 【稀】
= The woman who he was talking to was his secretary.
= The woman he was talking to was his secretary. 【ナチュラル】
彼が話していた女性は彼の秘書だった。
4.1.2 非制限用法 [書]がメインだが、強調するときは口語でも使う
Chopin died at the age of 39. + George Sand lived with him.
Chopin died at the age of 39.
║
George Sand lived with him.
↓
with whom George Sand lived
⇓
Chopin, with whom George Sand lived, died at the age of 39.
ショパンは、ジョルジョサンドが彼と一緒に住んでいましたが、39歳で他界しました。
This is the Nocturne of Chopin. + She is always listening to it while preparing dinner.
This is the Nocturne of Chopin.
║
she is always listening to it while preparing dinner
↓
which she is always listening to while preparing dinner
This is the Nocturne of Chopin, which she is always listening to while preparing dinner.
これはショパンの夜想曲で、彼女は夕食の準備をしている間、いつもそれを聞いている。
4.2 前置詞＋所有格
4.2.1 非制限用法の場合 [堅・書]
The politician is now accused of corruption. + Most of us disagree with his opinion.
whose with whose
The politician is now accused of corruption.
║
Most of us disagree with his opinion
↓
whose opinion most of us disagree with
The politician, whose opinion most of us disagree with, is now accused of corruption.
その政治家は、私達のほとんどか彼の意見に反対なのですが、今汚職で告訴されています。
4.3 前置詞＋関係代名詞の注意点 [書]
① 関係代名詞thatにはこの用法がない。
× This is the house in that he was born.
○ This is the house that he was born in.
② 目的格の関係代名詞は、前置詞＋関係代名詞の時は省略できない。関係代名詞＋～前置詞の時は省略できる。
× This is the house in he was born.
○ This is the house in which he was born.
○ This is the house he was born in.
cf. ○ This is the house where he was born.
③ as to, during, besides, except, outside, nearなどの前置詞(句)はふつう文尾にまわさない。
That was the party during which I kept dancing.
あれは私がその間ずっとダンスをしていたパーティーだった。
④ 副詞をwith＋名詞に替えて、文を関係代名詞でつなぐ場合。
たとえば、easily = with ease, rapidly = with rapidity など
・He won the game easily. ＋ We were surprised at the ease.
He won the game with ease.とする。
We were surprised at the ease. + He won the game with ease.
⇒ We were surprised at the ease.
║
He won the game with ease.
↓
with which he won the game
We were surprised at the ease with which he won the game
私達は、彼がその試合に勝った容易さに驚いた。
・My sister speaks French fluently. + Everybody is astonished at the fluency.
My sister speaks French with fluency.とする。
Everybody is astonished at the fluency. + My sister speaks French with fluency.
Everybody is astonished at the fluency.
║
My sister speaks French with fluency.
↓
with which my sister speaks French.
Everybody is astonished at the fluency with which my sister speaks French.
全員が、私の姉が話すフランス語の流暢さに度肝を抜かれている。
4.4 部分または一部を表すof の場合[＝分離の of]： 非制限用法
the＋最上級＋of＋関係代名詞 【堅・書】
The sisters, the ugliest of whom married the richest man in the town, lived next to my house.
= The sisters lived next to my house, and the ugliest of them married the richest man in the town.
その姉妹は、一番醜いのが町で一番の金持ちと結婚したが、我が家の隣に住んでいた。
Ms. White had three daughters, the youngest of whom was Susan.
= Ms. White had three daughters and the youngest of them was Susan.
ホワイトさんには３人の娘がいたが、一番若いのがスーザンだった。
The soccer team consists of seventeen members including substitute players, of whom he is the oldest.
そのサッカーチームは補欠を含めて17人のメンバーから成るが、その中で彼が一番年上です。
